Assault offences in England and Wales cover a range of behaviour involving violence or threats of violence.
The seriousness of the charge depends on the level of harm caused.
Common Assault
Common assault is the least serious assault offence.
It involves either:
- Causing someone to fear immediate unlawful violence, or
- Minor physical contact such as pushing or slapping.
Although considered less serious, it can still lead to fines, community orders, or imprisonment.
Actual Bodily Harm (ABH)
Actual Bodily Harm occurs when an assault causes injuries that are more serious than minor harm.
Examples may include:
- Bruising
- Minor fractures
- Cuts requiring medical treatment
ABH cases are usually dealt with in either the Magistrates’ Court or the Crown Court depending on their seriousness.
Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH)
GBH refers to very serious injuries.
These can include:
- Broken bones
- Severe wounds
- Permanent damage
GBH offences can carry significant prison sentences, particularly if there was intent to cause serious harm.
Key Legal Differences
The main distinction between these offences is the severity of injury and intent.
More serious harm and evidence of intent usually lead to more serious charges.
Possible Defences
Several defences may apply in assault cases.
These include:
- Self-defence
- Defence of another person
- Lack of intent
- Mistaken identity
Each case depends on its specific circumstances.
Why Legal Advice Is Important
Assault allegations can have serious consequences, including criminal records and imprisonment.
A criminal defence solicitor can review the evidence, advise on the best defence strategy, and represent you in court if necessary.